TRAINING

Explosion Protection

Training Objectives

Clarify the explosions phenomenon to professionals involved with combustible products handling and processing; alert about the consequence severity; how to identify and control the explosion hazards; how to avoid explosions by recommended techniques; and how to protect people and facilities from the explosion effects.

Training Subjects

• Introduction and terminology
• National and international industrial explosions statistics
• Historic cases analysis
• The explosion mechanism: basic parameters, pressure energy x chemical energy, ignition and its forms, flame propagation and expansion effects, explosion – deflagration – detonation
• Damage due to radiation, overpressure waves and projectiles launching
• Phenomena with gases, vapors and dusts; phenomena in condensed phase; thermal decomposition; runaway reactions; spontaneous combustion; fireball; confined and unconfined explosions; boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE)
• Explosions modelling
• Explosion hazards Identification: explosivity experimental survey, compatibility study, preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) and hazard and operability study (HAZOP)
• Protection systems: systems to prevent explosions, systems to reduce the explosion effects along the course, systems to minimize explosion consequences
• Hazardous area classification: objectives, principles, applicable standards, emission sources, hazardous area extension, equipment selection, zone of use, ignition by spark or by flame transmission, ignition by hot surfaces, groups and classes for gases, vapors and powders
• Protection for electro-electronic systems: inherent safety, special protection, explosion-proof enclosure, pressurized equipment, encapsulation, enhanced safety, non-incendive, oil immersion and sand filling
• European Community explosive atmospheres guidelines: ATEX 137 (99/92/EC) and ATEX 100A (94/9/EC)